IBD is the name given to a set of conditions in which parts of the gastrointestinal tract—usually the intestines—become chronically inflamed, triggering abdominal cramps, diarrhea and even bleeding in the intestines. The two most common forms of IBD are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
Who is at risk?
IBD is most likely caused by a malfunction in the immune system. Anyone can get IBD. However, it occurs more often among:
- People who have a family member with IBD.
- Ashkenazi Jews.
- Caucasians.
- People who live in northern climates, in cities or in developed countries.
Smoking also increases the risk for Crohn’s disease. The effect of smoking on ulcerative colitis risk is unclear.
Symptoms
Most people who get IBD will begin to have symptoms between the ages of 15 and 30. The severity of symptoms can vary widely, and they can also come and go.
Typical signs and symptoms of IBD include:
- Severe or chronic abdominal cramping or pain.
- Diarrhea, which may be bloody.
- Blood in the stool.
- Unexplained or unintended weight loss.
- Loss of appetite.
- Pain in, or bleeding from, the rectum.
- Joint pain.
- Fever.
- Fatigue.
Treatments
If you have IBD, treatment will depend on the severity of your symptoms. Your doctor may recommend:
Medications. IBD medications are used to reduce inflammation, relieve symptoms and prevent flare-ups.
Surgery. About 65 to 75 percent of all people with Crohn’s disease will have surgery for it at some point in their lives. Procedures may relieve symptoms but are not a cure. However, if you have ulcerative colitis, surgery to remove your entire large intestine may eliminate your disease. Between 25 and 40 percent of people who have ulcerative colitis eventually need surgery.
See your doctor
By working closely with your doctor, you can lead a full and healthy life.
Sources: American Academy of Family Physicians; American College of Gastroenterology; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Office on Women’s Health